{"id":35327,"date":"2023-02-24T17:02:36","date_gmt":"2023-02-24T15:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/blog\/la-sinapsi\/"},"modified":"2026-04-07T14:18:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T12:18:35","slug":"la-sinapsi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/ca\/blog\/la-sinapsi\/","title":{"rendered":"La Sinapsi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s la sinapsi?<\/h2> <p>La sinapsi \u00e9s el proc\u00e9s mitjan\u00e7ant el qual les neurones es comuniquen entre si per transmetre informaci\u00f3. La sinapsi \u00e9s essencial per al nostre funcionament, per poder sentir, pensar i actuar.<\/p> <p>La sinapsi permet que els senyals el\u00e8ctrics es transmetin d&#8217;una neurona a una altra perqu\u00e8 aix\u00ed puguem dur a terme qualsevol funci\u00f3.<\/p> <h2>Com funciona la sinapsi?<\/h2> <p>La comunicaci\u00f3 entre neurones comen\u00e7a quan la neurona emissora &#8220;dispara&#8221; un impuls el\u00e8ctric, \u00e9s a dir, un potencial d&#8217;acci\u00f3. Aix\u00f2 fa que s&#8217;alliberi un neurotransmissor que viatjar\u00e0 a trav\u00e9s de l&#8217;ax\u00f3 de la primera neurona fins a arribar a l&#8217;esquerda sin\u00e0ptica, on es produeix la sinapsi. El neurotransmissor travessar\u00e0 aquest espai fins a unir-se a la neurona receptora a trav\u00e9s de la dendrita, cosa que provocar\u00e0 un potencial d&#8217;acci\u00f3 a la neurona receptora.<\/p> <p>Els diferents neurotransmissors juguen papers diferents en el funcionament cerebral. Per exemple, la dopamina est\u00e0 implicada en la recompensa i el plaer. La serotonina interv\u00e9 en la regulaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;estat d&#8217;\u00e0nim, la gana i el son. El GABA hi juga un paper molt important en el control de l&#8217;excitaci\u00f3 i l&#8217;ansietat.<\/p> <p>A la sinapsi tamb\u00e9 hi estan implicats els neuromoduladors i els neurop\u00e8ptids. Aquestes mol\u00e8cules modulen l&#8217;alliberament de neurotransmissors i la sensibilitat dels receptors, cosa que pot tenir efectes importants en la funci\u00f3 cerebral.<\/p> <h1><strong>Tipus de sinapsi<\/strong><\/h1> <p>Coneixem dos tipus de sinapsi en funci\u00f3 de com s&#8217;envia el missatge:<\/p> <ul> <li><strong>La sinapsi el\u00e8ctrica<\/strong>: \u00e9s una connexi\u00f3 f\u00edsica entre les neurones que permet que els senyals el\u00e8ctrics es propaguin directament d&#8217;una neurona a una altra.<\/li> <li><strong>La sinapsi qu\u00edmica<\/strong>: \u00e9s el tipus m\u00e9s com\u00fa de sinapsi, en qu\u00e8 els neurotransmissors s&#8217;alliberen a l&#8217;esquerda sin\u00e0ptica per comunicar informaci\u00f3 entre les neurones. Hi ha dos tipus de sinapsis qu\u00edmiques:<\/li> <\/ul> <ol> <li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"> <ol> <li>La <strong>sinapsi excitat\u00f2ria<\/strong> \u00e9s la que provoca un augment en el potencial d&#8217;acci\u00f3 de la neurona postsin\u00e0ptica. Les sinapsis excitat\u00f2ries s\u00f3n fonamentals per a l&#8217;aprenentatge i la mem\u00f2ria.<\/li> <li>La <strong>sinapsi inhibit\u00f2ria<\/strong> \u00e9s aquella on l&#8217;alliberament de neurotransmissors disminueix el potencial d&#8217;acci\u00f3 de la neurona postsin\u00e0ptica. Les sinapsis inhibit\u00f2ries s\u00f3n essencials per controlar l&#8217;activitat neuronal i per prevenir la sobreexcitaci\u00f3 de les neurones.<\/li> <\/ol> <\/li> <\/ol> <h2><strong>Plasticitat sin\u00e0ptica<\/strong><\/h2> <p>La plasticitat sin\u00e0ptica \u00e9s la capacitat de la sinapsi per canviar en resposta a l&#8217;activitat neuronal. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s fonamental per a l&#8217;aprenentatge i la mem\u00f2ria, ja que permet que les connexions sin\u00e0ptiques es reforcin o debilitin en funci\u00f3 de la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia i la sincronitzaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;activitat neuronal.<\/p> <p>Hi ha dos tipus principals de plasticitat sin\u00e0ptica:<\/p> <ol> <li>La <strong>potenciaci\u00f3 a llarg termini<\/strong> es refereix a un proc\u00e9s en qu\u00e8 les connexions entre les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules cerebrals (neurones) s&#8217;enforteixen despr\u00e9s d&#8217;una estimulaci\u00f3 repetida. Aquest proc\u00e9s d&#8217;enfortiment pot millorar la capacitat del cervell per emmagatzemar i recuperar informaci\u00f3 a llarg termini, cosa que creu que \u00e9s un mecanisme important per a l&#8217;aprenentatge i la mem\u00f2ria.<\/li> <li>La <strong>Depressi\u00f3 a Llarg Termini<\/strong>, per altra banda, \u00e9s el proc\u00e9s oposat. Si no hi ha una estimulaci\u00f3 repetida, les connexions entre les neurones es debiliten. Aix\u00f2 permet eliminar informaci\u00f3 innecess\u00e0ria i millorar la capacitat de les neurones per adaptar-se a canvis a l&#8217;entorn.<\/li> <\/ol> <p>La plasticitat neuronal \u00e9s important durant tota la vida, per\u00f2 \u00e9s especialment necess\u00e0ria per al desenvolupament del cervell i per a la recuperaci\u00f3 de lesions cerebrals.<\/p> <p>En el desenvolupament del cervell, la plasticitat sin\u00e0ptica permet la formaci\u00f3 de noves connexions neuronals i l&#8217;eliminaci\u00f3 de connexions innecess\u00e0ries a mesura que el cervell s&#8217;adapta a l&#8217;entorn.<\/p> <p>En la recuperaci\u00f3 de lesions cerebrals, la plasticitat sin\u00e0ptica permet que altres neurones que no han estat danyades assumeixin les funcions de les neurones danyades i que s&#8217;estableixin noves connexions per compensar la p\u00e8rdua.<\/p> <h2><strong>La sinapsi al Neurofeedback<\/strong><\/h2> <p>El<a href=\"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/ca\/neurofeedback\/\"> Neurofeedback<\/a> \u00e9s una t\u00e8cnica d&#8217;entrenament cerebral que es fa servir per millorar el funcionament del cervell i tractar certs trastorns. Durant una sessi\u00f3 de Neurofeedback, es col\u00b7loca un dispositiu al cuir cabellut del pacient per mesurar l&#8217;activitat el\u00e8ctrica del cervell, aquest senyal es processa i es mostra al pacient a trav\u00e9s d&#8217;estimulaci\u00f3 visual i\/o auditiva.<\/p> <p>El <a href=\"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/ca\/neurofeedback\/\">Neurofeedback<\/a> pot canviar la manera com les neurones es comuniquen entre si a trav\u00e9s de les sinapsis. Al llarg de les sessions, el cervell va aprenent i modificant la seva pr\u00f2pia activitat i, aix\u00ed, es poden aconseguir millores en els s\u00edmptomes dels pacients.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s la sinapsi? La sinapsi \u00e9s el proc\u00e9s mitjan\u00e7ant el qual les neurones es comuniquen entre si per transmetre informaci\u00f3. La sinapsi \u00e9s essencial per al nostre funcionament, per &#8230; <a title=\"La Sinapsi\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/ca\/blog\/la-sinapsi\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3 sobre La Sinapsi\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35231,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[291],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sense-categoria","masonry-post","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La Sinapsi Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s? 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