{"id":32779,"date":"2022-07-27T16:04:28","date_gmt":"2022-07-27T14:04:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/teoria-polivagal\/"},"modified":"2022-07-27T16:04:28","modified_gmt":"2022-07-27T14:04:28","slug":"teoria-polivagal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/ca\/blog\/teoria-polivagal\/","title":{"rendered":"Teoria Polivagal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Con\u00e8ixer m\u00e9s sobre la Teoria Polivagal<\/strong> ens permetr\u00e0 comprendre el funcionament del nostre cos, com ens afecten elsesdeveniments traum\u00e0tics<\/strong> viscuts i per qu\u00e8 poden contribuir al desenvolupament de patologies f\u00edsiques i ps\u00edquiques<\/strong>.<\/p>

El Sistema Nervi\u00f3s Aut\u00f2nom i el Nervi Vago<\/h2>

El Sistema Nervi\u00f3s Aut\u00f2nom (SNA)<\/strong> o vegetatiu \u00e9s l’encarregat de regular les funcions viscerals involunt\u00e0ries del nostre organisme. Per exemple, ajuda a controlar la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia card\u00edaca, la temperatura corporal, la digesti\u00f3, etc.<\/p>

\u00c9s el responsable que responguem de manera adequada als est\u00edmuls externs i interns.<\/p>

Tamb\u00e9 s’encarrega de la nostra superviv\u00e8ncia i de com responem davant d’esdeveniments estressants. Escaneja constantment l’entorn a la recerca de senyals de seguretat i perill.<\/p>

El SNA es compon de dos sistemes:<\/p>

  1. Sistema Nervi\u00f3s Simp\u00e0tic<\/strong>: s’encarrega de generar respostes d’activaci\u00f3.<\/li>
  2. Sistema Nervi\u00f3s Parasimp\u00e0tic<\/strong>: \u00e9s oposat a l’anterior, genera respostes de desactivaci\u00f3 i tornada a la calma. El component principal d’aquest sistema, implicat en moltes funcions del nostre organisme, \u00e9s el nervi vago<\/strong>.<\/li> <\/ol>

    La Teoria Polivagal<\/h2>

    Stephen Porges <\/strong>va crear la teoria Polivagal amb l’objectiu d’entendre i explicar de manera m\u00e9s precisa el comportament hum\u00e0.<\/p>

    Porges planteja que podem dividir el SNA en tres branques diferents, cadascuna corresponent als tipus de resposta que pot donar el SNA.<\/p>

    1. Branca parasimp\u00e0tica ventral del nervi vago.<\/strong> Aquesta branca s’activa per donar resposta a situacions de calma en qu\u00e8 no hi ha est\u00edmuls amena\u00e7adors. Ens sentim tranquils, relaxats i connectats<\/strong> amb l’entorn. \u00c9s el sistema de participaci\u00f3 social, en qu\u00e8 tenim un estat d’activaci\u00f3 fisiol\u00f2gica \u00f2ptima, ens sentim segurs i som flexibles, aix\u00f2 facilita establir vincles.<\/li>
    2. Branca simp\u00e0tica.<\/strong> Aquesta branca s’activar\u00e0 quan es detecti un perill. Es prepara el cos per lluitar o fugir<\/strong>. Augmenta el ritme card\u00edac i la respiraci\u00f3. S’allibera adrenalina i cortisol i s’envia sang als m\u00fasculs per preparar-los.<\/li>
    3. Branca parasimp\u00e0tica dorsal del nervi vago.<\/strong> Aquesta darrera branca s’activar\u00e0, de manera inconscient, quan es valori que el perill \u00e9s tan gran que no hi podem fer res, ens immobilitza<\/strong>. El ritme card\u00edac, la pressi\u00f3 sangu\u00ednia i la temperatura corporal es redueixen i s’alliberen endorfines per reduir la sensaci\u00f3 de dolor.<\/li> <\/ol>

      Quan el SNA funciona correctament \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de passar d’un estat a un altre amb flu\u00efdesa o barrejar-ne els estats. Aix\u00f2 ens ajuda a manejar l’estr\u00e8s i a ser resilients davant d’esdeveniments negatius, a recuperar-nos i seguir endavant.<\/p>

      El trauma i la Teoria Polivagal<\/h2>

      El trauma i l’estr\u00e8s cr\u00f2nic<\/strong> poden impedir que el SNA funcioni de manera correcta, regulada i resilient.<\/p>

      Quan alg\u00fa ha experimentat un trauma, la seva capacitat per escanejar l’entorn a la recerca de senyals de perill es pot veure esbiaixada. L’objectiu del nostre cos \u00e9s ajudar-nos a no tornar a experimentar un moment aterridor com aquest, per aix\u00f2 far\u00e0 el que sigui necessari per protegir-nos.<\/p>

      A mesura que el nostre sistema de vigil\u00e0ncia es posa en marxa, pot interpretar molts senyals al nostre entorn com a perillosos, fins i tot aquells senyals que altres persones poden percebre com a neutrals o benignes.<\/p>

      Molts problemes f\u00edsics i emocionals poden sorgir d’un SNA cr\u00f2nicament desregulat<\/strong>. Quan el SNA s’encalla als estats de superviv\u00e8ncia, la nostra biologia canvia d’enfocament de les tasques que ens mantenen sans i feli\u00e7os a sobreviure davant de la percepci\u00f3 d’amenaces immediates. En conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, hi haur\u00e0 un augment de certes hormones, com ara el cortisol, pot augmentar la pressi\u00f3 arterial i el ritme card\u00edac, activar o aturar el sistema digestiu, etc. Una resposta de l’organisme que no \u00e9s adequada en aquell moment determinat i que \u00e9s perjudicial.<\/p>

      Moltes patologies cr\u00f2niques i dif\u00edcils de diagnosticar es poden atribuir a una disfunci\u00f3 del SNA (desordres digestius, malalties autoimmunes, fatiga cr\u00f2nica, dolor cr\u00f2nic i migranyes).<\/p>

      Aix\u00f2 es va poder demostrar en un estudi realitzat per Kaiser i el CDC (Centre de Control de Malalties), en qu\u00e8 van comptar amb m\u00e9s de 17.000 pacients. Es va observar la relaci\u00f3 que hi ha entre les experi\u00e8ncies adverses viscudes a la inf\u00e0ncia i el benestar a llarg termini. Els resultats van indicar que, en general, com m\u00e9s experi\u00e8ncies adverses s’han viscut a la inf\u00e0ncia m\u00e9s probabilitat de patir malalties com: c\u00e0ncer, ab\u00fas de drogues, infart, diabetis, malaltia del cor, intent de su\u00efcidi, obesitat i depressi\u00f3. En els casos en qu\u00e8 havien experimentat sis o m\u00e9s esdeveniments adversos a la inf\u00e0ncia, l’esperan\u00e7a de vida disminu\u00efa gaireb\u00e9 20 anys.<\/p>

      Qu\u00e8 podem fer quan el SNA es desregula?<\/h2>

      Perqu\u00e8 el nostre SNA torni a l’estat de tranquil\u00b7litat i seguretat, cal tornar-lo a entrenar.<\/p>

      \u00c9s fonamental que aprenguem a escoltar el nostre cos<\/strong>. Cada persona respon d’una manera diferent a un mateix est\u00edmul, observar com responem davant de certes situacions ser\u00e0 de gran ajuda. Qu\u00e8 ens fa sentir segurs o si davant d’una amena\u00e7a la nostra primera reacci\u00f3 \u00e9s lluitar o quedar-nos paralitzats, aix\u00f2 ens facilitar\u00e0 con\u00e8ixer-nos millor i ens portar\u00e0 a modificar els nostres patrons de resposta.<\/p>

      El nostre SNA est\u00e0 constantment comunicant-se i sintonitzant amb els altres, tenim tend\u00e8ncia a reproduir els estats dels qui ens envolten. Connectar amb persones que estan segures, sintonitzades i presents<\/strong> \u00e9s una bona manera de restaurar un SNA saludable.<\/p>

      Realitzar activitats que ens fan sentir millor<\/strong>, com ioga, ballar, passar temps a la natura, fer exercici, etc. tamb\u00e9 poden ajudar.<\/p>

      \u00c9s possible tornar a l’estat de regulaci\u00f3 abordant el trauma des de diferents enfocaments terap\u00e8utics.<\/p>

      Somatic Experiencing<\/h3>

      El Somatic Experiencing <\/strong><\/a>pret\u00e9n restablir l’equilibri del sistema nervi\u00f3s, millorar la capacitat d’afrontar l’estr\u00e8s, augmentar-ne la vitalitat i la capacitat de viure activament.<\/p>

      Des d’aquesta perspectiva terap\u00e8utica, es determina i s’avalua si la persona s’ha quedat ancorada en una resposta de lluita, fugida o congelaci\u00f3, a trav\u00e9s de la mem\u00f2ria corporal, per poder proporcionar-li les eines necess\u00e0ries per aconseguir la seva regulaci\u00f3 de manera natural.<\/p>

      Tractament amb EMDR<\/h3>

      L’ EMDR<\/strong><\/a>\u00e9s el tractament d’elecci\u00f3 per als casos de Trastorn d’Estr\u00e8s Posttraum\u00e0tic.<\/strong><\/p>

      L’objectiu d’aquesta t\u00e8cnica \u00e9s accedir als records traum\u00e0tics per tornar-los a reprocessar, reduint les emocions negatives que tenim associades a aquests. Per fer-ho es fa servir l’estimulaci\u00f3 bilateral, normalment amb moviments oculars o tapping<\/em>, per facilitar el desbloqueig dels records i la desensibilitzaci\u00f3 emocional.<\/p>

      ISF Neurofeedback<\/h3>

      El Neurofeedback<\/a><\/strong>\u00e9s una t\u00e8cnica que pret\u00e9n entrenar el cervell en la regulaci\u00f3 de certs patrons d’ones que poden estar desregulats.<\/p>

      Concretament, l’ ISF Neurofeedack <\/strong>se centra en l’entrenament de les freq\u00fc\u00e8ncies m\u00e9s baixes. S\u00f3n aquestes freq\u00fc\u00e8ncies les que estan relacionades amb les funcions del SNA. Per tant, mitjan\u00e7ant aquest entrenament es busca que la persona pugui aconseguir el seu equilibri, un estat de calma i seguretat.<\/p>

      Superar els traumes i alliberar-nos del bloqueig portar\u00e0 a la regulaci\u00f3 del SNA. No es tracta d’estar sempre tranquils o mobilitzats, sin\u00f3 de tenir un SNA flexible i resilient que pugui avaluar i respondre adequadament.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Con\u00e8ixer m\u00e9s sobre la Teoria Polivagal ens permetr\u00e0 comprendre el funcionament del nostre cos, com ens afecten elsesdeveniments traum\u00e0tics viscuts i per qu\u00e8 poden contribuir al desenvolupament de patologies f\u00edsiques … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-ca","masonry-post","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"yoast_head":"\nTeoria Polivagal \u25b7 Sistema Nervi\u00f3s Aut\u00f2nom<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Descobreix com el Trauma i l'Estr\u00e8s cr\u00f2nic poden impedir que el Sistema Nervi\u00f3s Aut\u00f2nom funcioni de forma Correcta, Regulada i Resilient\" 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