{"id":32503,"date":"2022-07-18T17:18:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T15:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/simptomes-de-trastorns-afectius\/"},"modified":"2022-07-18T17:18:00","modified_gmt":"2022-07-18T15:18:00","slug":"simptomes-de-trastorns-afectius","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/ca\/blog\/simptomes-de-trastorns-afectius\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00edmptomes de trastorns afectius"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Quins s\u00f3n els <strong>s\u00edmptomes dels trastorns afectius<\/strong> m\u00e9s comuns? Poder con\u00e8ixer-los i aprofundir-hi facilitar\u00e0 la identificaci\u00f3 i saber si hem de buscar l&#8217;ajuda d&#8217;un professional de la salut mental per tractar-los.<\/p> <h2>Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l&#8217;afectivitat?<\/h2> <p>El terme <strong>afectivitat<\/strong> fa refer\u00e8ncia a les emocions, les actituds, els desitjos, els sentiments i els estats d&#8217;\u00e0nim d&#8217;una persona. Tamb\u00e9 la podem definir com la capacitat de reaccionar davant d&#8217;un est\u00edmul mitjan\u00e7ant emocions i sentiments, la conducta que expressa l&#8217;estat d&#8217;\u00e0nim subjectiu d&#8217;un individu.<\/p> <p>Podem caracteritzar l&#8217;afectivitat segons 3 continus:<\/p> <ul> <li><strong>Positiva &#8211; negativa<\/strong>: aquest continu va des de sentiments que generen un gran benestar, com la felicitat, fins a sentiments que provoquen gran patiment, com la tristesa.<\/li> <li><strong>Alta activaci\u00f3 \u2013 Baixa activaci\u00f3:<\/strong> fa refer\u00e8ncia a la sensaci\u00f3 d&#8217;activaci\u00f3 interna que ens produeix des de molt alta a molt baixa.<\/li> <li><strong>Alta domin\u00e0ncia \u2013 Baixa domin\u00e0ncia:<\/strong> des de sentir que podem controlar totalment l&#8217;emoci\u00f3 fins a sentir que \u00e9s l&#8217;emoci\u00f3 la que ens est\u00e0 controlant a nosaltres.<\/li> <\/ul> <h2>Alteracions de l&#8217;afectivitat<\/h2> <p>Les alteracions a l&#8217;afectivitat poden apar\u00e8ixer en diferents dimensions. Algunes d&#8217;aquestes alteracions poden ser s\u00edmptomes d&#8217;un trastorn afectiu.<\/p> <p>En el cas d&#8217;haver-hi una alteraci\u00f3 a la <strong>intensitat<\/strong>, es pot donar en dos sentits<strong>:<\/strong><\/p> <ul> <li>Disminuci\u00f3: pot donar lloc a un aplanament afectiu (incapacitat d&#8217;experimentar i expressar emocions) o anhedonia (incapacitat de gaudir de les coses que pr\u00e8viament resultaven plaents)<\/li> <li>Exacerbaci\u00f3: experimentar de manera molt intensa qualsevol tipus d&#8217;emoci\u00f3, ja sigui tristesa, alegria, por, etc.<\/li> <\/ul> <p>Podem parlar d&#8217;alteracions a la <strong>duraci\u00f3<\/strong>quan l&#8217;estat d&#8217;\u00e0nim perdura en el temps m\u00e9s del que s&#8217;esperava (per exemple, encara que l&#8217;est\u00edmul que el provocava ja no existeixi) o no s&#8217;inicia en el moment adequat (per exemple, el sentiment apareix mesos despr\u00e9s que hagi passat el succ\u00e9s que el va desencadenar).<\/p> <p>Es produeix una alteraci\u00f3 de la <strong>qualitat<\/strong>de l&#8217;afectivitat quan l&#8217;emoci\u00f3 \u00e9s desproporcionada, incapacitant i molesta.<\/p> <p>Finalment, quan apareix una alteraci\u00f3 a l&#8217;<strong>adequaci\u00f3<\/strong> pot ser referent a un est\u00edmul, com a les f\u00f2bies quan apareix una por desproporcionada associada a un est\u00edmul concret; a una persona, que ens desperta una emoci\u00f3 que no est\u00e0 justificada per les viv\u00e8ncies que hem tingut amb ella; o una emoci\u00f3 flotant, que envaeix tots els aspectes de la vida.<\/p> <h2>S\u00edmptomes dels trastorns afectius<\/h2> <p>Es consideren <a href=\"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/tratamientos\/trastornos-afectivos\/\"><strong>trastorns afectius<\/strong><\/a> aquells el principal s\u00edmptoma dels quals \u00e9s una alteraci\u00f3 de l&#8217;estat d&#8217;\u00e0nim. La gravetat o la intensitat d&#8217;aquest tipus de trastorns pot variar, des de quadres molt lleus fins altament incapacitants. Una altra caracter\u00edstica que cal destacar \u00e9s que es poden donar en qualsevol moment vital.<\/p> <p>Els <strong>s\u00edmptomes de trastorns afectius<\/strong> que cada individu experimenta variaran segons el tipus de trastorn concret. Podem incloure dins dels trastorns afectius o trastorns de l&#8217;estat d&#8217;\u00e0nim: el trastorn depressiu major, la dist\u00edmia, el trastorn Bipolar (Tipus I i II) i la Ciclot\u00edmia.<\/p> <h3>Depressi\u00f3 major<\/h3> <p>Quan una persona est\u00e0 passant per un episodi de <strong>depressi\u00f3<\/strong> el principal s\u00edmptoma i m\u00e9s destacable \u00e9s un estat d&#8217;\u00e0nim depressiu la major part del dia o la p\u00e8rdua d&#8217;inter\u00e8s o plaer.<\/p> <p>Altres s\u00edmptomes que tamb\u00e9 poden apar\u00e8ixer s\u00f3n: augment o p\u00e8rdua de gana, insomni o hipers\u00f2mnia, fatiga, sentiment de culpa o inutilitat, agitaci\u00f3 o retard psicomotor, dificultat per concentrar-se o pensar i pensaments recurrents de mort.<\/p> <h3>Dist\u00edmia<\/h3> <p>La <strong>dist\u00edmia<\/strong> o trastorn depressiu persistent es caracteritza perqu\u00e8 la persona ha tingut un estat d&#8217;\u00e0nim depressiu durant m\u00e9s de dos anys. A m\u00e9s, altres s\u00edmptomes que poden apar\u00e8ixer en aquest tipus de trastorn s\u00f3n: baixa autoestima, desesperan\u00e7a, fatiga, dificultat per concentrar-se i prendre decisions, insomni o hipers\u00f2mnia i manca o exc\u00e9s de gana.<\/p> <h3>Trastorn Bipolar<\/h3> <p>El s\u00edmptoma que caracteritza les persones amb <strong>trastorn bipolar<\/strong> \u00e9s l&#8217;experimentaci\u00f3 de canvis extrems a l&#8217;estat d&#8217;\u00e0nim. Aquests canvis d&#8217;humor poden incloure episodis de depressi\u00f3 i per\u00edodes de mania (megalomania o idees de grandesa, pensament accelerat i distret, parlar en exc\u00e9s, realitzar activitats de risc o disminuci\u00f3 de la necessitat de dormir) o hipomania (variant menys extrema de la mania ).<\/p> <p>Es diferencia entre dos tipus de trastorn Bipolar:<\/p> <ul> <li>Tipus I: Hi ha episodis de mania. Tamb\u00e9 pot experimentar episodis depressius, encara que \u00e9s possible que no hi hagi depressi\u00f3.<\/li> <li>Tipus II: Aquest tipus inclou episodis de depressi\u00f3 juntament amb hipomania.<\/li> <\/ul> <h3>Ciclot\u00edmia<\/h3> <p>La <strong>ciclot\u00edmia<\/strong> es pot considerar una forma lleu de trastorn bipolar. Es caracteritza per la pres\u00e8ncia de per\u00edodes amb s\u00edmptomes depressius i s\u00edmptomes hipoman\u00edacs per\u00f2 de menor gravetat i amb un curs temporal irregular.<\/p> <h2>Quina \u00e9s la causa dels trastorns afectius?<\/h2> <p>Hi ha diferents causes o factors de risc que poden predisposar una persona a patir un trastorn afectiu.<\/p> <p>Els <strong>neurotransmissors<\/strong>, o subst\u00e0ncies qu\u00edmiques del cervell, juguen un paper important a l&#8217;estat d&#8217;\u00e0nim. Quan estan desequilibrats o no envien un senyal adequat, el resultat pot ser un trastorn afectiu.<\/p> <p>Els <strong>esdeveniments de la vida<\/strong> poden desencadenar trastorns afectius. Un esdeveniment traum\u00e0tic o una p\u00e8rdua pot originar una depressi\u00f3 o un altre trastorn. El consum d&#8217;alcohol i drogues tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s un factor de risc.<\/p> <p>Per \u00faltim, el <strong>factor gen\u00e8tic<\/strong> tamb\u00e9 sembla important. Si a la fam\u00edlia hi ha casos de trastorns afectius, \u00e9s possible que augmenti el risc de desenvolupar-ne un, \u00e9s a dir, poden ser hereditaris. Aix\u00f2, per\u00f2, no garanteix que s&#8217;hagi de desenvolupar.<\/p> <h2>Tractament dels trastorns afectius<\/h2> <p>El tractament dels trastorns afectius sol dur-se a terme des de dos enfocaments: <strong>farmacol\u00f2gic<\/strong>i <strong>psicoterap\u00e8utic<\/strong>. El tractament d&#8217;elecci\u00f3 sol ser la combinaci\u00f3 de tots dos.<\/p> <p>Pel que fa a la psicoter\u00e0pia, hem pogut comprovar que \u00e9s una part molt important i fonamental per a l&#8217;\u00e8xit del tractament d&#8217;aquests trastorns.<\/p> <h2>Neurofeedback i EMDR per a trastorns afectius<\/h2> <p>Abordant els trastorns afectius amb el <a href=\"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/neurofeedback\/\"><strong>Neurofeedback<\/strong><\/a> es pret\u00e9n modificar els patrons d&#8217;ones relacionats amb l&#8217;alteraci\u00f3 de l&#8217;estat d&#8217;\u00e0nim. Es far\u00e0 un entrenament, no invasiu i personalitzat, que produir\u00e0 el canvi necessari per millorar els s\u00edmptomes.<\/p> <p>D&#8217;altra banda, utilitzant la t\u00e8cnica del <a href=\"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/emdr\/\"><strong>EMDR<\/strong><\/a>, \u00e9s possible abordar les viv\u00e8ncies que poden haver contribu\u00eft a causar la simptomatologia. D&#8217;aquesta manera es pret\u00e9n afrontar aquests records des d&#8217;una altra perspectiva i reprocessar-los, per tal que deixin de causar malestar i dolor a la persona.<\/p> <p>Els professionals de Neuroscenter tenen una \u00e0mplia experi\u00e8ncia en el tractament dels s\u00edmptomes de trastorns afectius. Despr\u00e9s d&#8217;una primera valoraci\u00f3, podran determinar quina \u00e9s la forma m\u00e9s adequada d&#8217;abordar-lo i oferir-te el tractament m\u00e9s efica\u00e7 per al teu cas concret.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quins s\u00f3n els s\u00edmptomes dels trastorns afectius m\u00e9s comuns? Poder con\u00e8ixer-los i aprofundir-hi facilitar\u00e0 la identificaci\u00f3 i saber si hem de buscar l&#8217;ajuda d&#8217;un professional de la salut mental per &#8230; <a title=\"S\u00edmptomes de trastorns afectius\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/neuroscenter.com\/ca\/blog\/simptomes-de-trastorns-afectius\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3 sobre S\u00edmptomes de trastorns afectius\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32298,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-ca","masonry-post","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-33"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>S\u00edmptomes de Trastorns Afectius \u25b7 Com Identificar-los<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n els Trastorns Afectius i com tractar-los? 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